Giardia Lamblia

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   Giardia Lamblia
        - Present in duodenum and upper part of jejunum.

    Morphology
        - Parasite exist in 2 phases:
        a. Trophozoite
        b. Cyst


    A. Trophozoite
    - It's shape is like tennis racket
    - Dorsal surface convex, ventral surface concave with sucking
    - Anterior end is round, posterior end is pointed
    - It's bilaterally symmetrical
    - Trophozoite is motile by flagella

    B. Cyst
    - Cyst is oval in shape
    - Contain 4 nucleus

    Life Cycle:
        Infection of man occurs by ingestion of cyst in contaminated food and water.

    Pathogenesis:
    - Continues looseness of bowl
    - Silent case
    - General features: fever, anaemia.

    Laboratory Diagnosis
        1. Specimen:
        - Faeces

        2. Serological
        - IHA
        - IFA
        - ELISA

        3.Molecular Methods
        - PCR

        4.Enterotest
        - In this test, patient is asked to swallow a gelatin capsule which contain nylon thread at one end.
        - Free end of nylon thread is attached to the cheek.
        - Capsule will reach the duodenum and jejunum in the stomach.
        - After 2 hours thread is withdraw and place in tube containing saline mount and mechanically                  shaken.
        - Centrifuged deposite of saline examined microscopically for motile trophozoite of  G.lamblia

    Treatment:
    - Metronidazole



    

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