Toxoplasma Gondii

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    Toxoplasma Gondii



    - World wide distributed
    - All the 3 forms occur in cats and other definitive host
    - Human and birds are intermediate host.

    Morphology:
    - Parasite exist in 3 phases:
    a. Trophozoite
    b. Tissue cyst
    c. Oocyst






    A. Trophozoite
    - Crescent shaped
    - Anterior ends is pointed
    - Posterior end is round
    - Can invade nucleated cells
    - Nucleus is spherical near the blunt end

    B. Tissue Cyst:
    - Crescent shaped
    - Formed during chronic infection.
    - Found in muscles, other tissues and organs
    - Cyst is round or oval, nucleus at posterior end
    - Nucleus at posterior

    C. Oocyst:
    - Present in cat
    - Oval or spherical in shape with sporoblast
    
    Life Cycle: (ENTERIC & EXOENTERIC)



    

    Pathogenesis:
    - Wide spread amoung humans ( aymptomatic )
    - Congenital infection, and postnatally acquired infection.

    Laboratory Diagnosis:
    1. Specimen:
    - Blood
    - Bone Marrow Aspirate
    - Cerebrospinal fluid
    - Amniotic Fluid
    - Broncho Alveolar Lavage
    - Biopsy material

    2. Microscopy:
    - Giemsa, PAS or other stains

    3. Serological Tests:
    - Sabin Feldman dye test
    - ELISA
    - IHA, and IFA
    - CFT, and latex agglutination test

    4.Isolation Of Parasites:
    - Animal Inoculation
    - Tissue Culture:
    a. Laboratory Animals
    b. Chick Embryo
    c. Cell Culture

    Treatment:
    - Spiramycin
    - Cylindamycin

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